ABSTRACT
Introduction: In 20 to 40% of all diabetes mellitus patients some abnormalities of autonomic function is present. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy can involve both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic abnormalities appear earlier and sympathetic innervations may remain intact even in presence of severe Parasympathetic damage. The aim of the study: To determine the various aspect of autonomic neuropathy in the diabetic population using series of standardized test, to interpret the different type of presentation of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with mean age of 57.7% who had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, varying from one year to fifteen years duration with normal 12 lead electrocardiograph were selected for the study. With standard autonomic function test procedures for both sympathetic and parasympathetic were done with suitable inclusion criteria. Results: Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 40% (24/60) of patients. In 46.6% (28/60) patients Pupillary changes were observed. In patients with peripheral neuropathy, 95.8% (23/24) had Pupillary changes. Postural hypotension was observed in 36.7% (22/60). The results of various tests of autonomic function are as follows. While interpreting the results all borderline cases were considered as normal. The rise of heart rate less than ten was observed in 40% of study group with mean of6.94.Among the patients, 36.7% (22/60) had fallen in blood pressure of more than 30millimeter of mercury. Conclusion: Newer drugs have to be tried for comforting many diabetics with clinical autonomic neuropathy afflicted with this condition in that at least the quality of life of with diabetic neuropathy will improve
ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of dental treatment on the salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels of children with and without dental caries. Materials and Methods: The study involved 30 children, among which 15 had caries and the other 15 were without caries. Salivary sample collection was done for all the children before dental treatment, and for the children with caries, the sampling was repeated 3-4 weeks after the dental treatment. The salivary IgA quantitation was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using Human IgA ELISA Quantitation kit, and the results were statistically analyzed by independent sample "t" test. Results:The salivary IgA level was significantly more in children with caries (13.07 ± 1.55 mg/100 ml) than in caries-free children (11.90 ± 1.58 mg/100 ml) in the pre-treatment phase. The salivary IgA level in children with caries was 13.52 ± 1.68 mg/100 ml in the post-treatment phase and it was not statistically different from the pre-treatment value. Conclusion: Mere quantitation of salivary IgA levels might have no reflection on the functional antibodies involved in caries process, and successful dental treatment alone does not alter the salivary IgA levels, suggesting a multifaceted approach to combat the cariogenic challenge.